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Glendale Payroll / Human Resources & Risk Management
Payroll Analytics Project
April 29, 2026
Independent Internal Audit Program
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
2
A. Introduction 3
B. Background 3
C. Objective 3
D. Key Outcomes 3
E. Project Results & Recommendations 3
F. Process Improvement Opportunities 6
G. Project Scope & Methodology 6
H. Data Reliability 6
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
Executive Summary
As part of the FY 2026 Audit Plan approved by the City Council, the City of Glendale's
Independent Internal Audit Program (IIAP) conducted a pilot project using various payroll
analytics. The project was performed to assess the development and implementation of
payroll analytics to help with continuously monitoring identified controls.
Project Objectives:
The main objective of this project was to assess the effectiveness of analytics when
certain established criteria (determined by IIAP) are met during each payroll run. If
successful, this would allow for review of only limited samples that meet said criteria,
rather than testing entire payroll run populations in future audits.
Project Conclusions:
Overall, the payroll analytics worked as intended and identified smaller groups of data to
research for possible exceptions to policy. However, the contract with our third-party
vendor that built the analytics has now expired and will not be renewed. Based on initial
discussions with our Innovation & Technology (IT) department, there is an opportunity to
build our own analytics in-house, perhaps leveraging AI technology, to produce more
robust and targeted outcomes.
Findings:
As this was a pilot project, there were no findings to report. This exercise was to assess
the effectiveness of select analytics and explore opportunities to enhance them.
Descriptions of the analytics employed, along with results from samples that were tested
for each, can be found on the following pages.
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
A. Introduction
The City of Glendale's Independent Internal Audit Program (IIAP) conducted a pilot
project utilizing various payroll analytics. As a one-person audit shop, IIAP is trying to
leverage technology to expand audit coverage across the city where feasible.
B. Background
With help from one of our contracted vendors and the city’s IT department, four analytics
were built to run after each bi-weekly pay period was complete. The analytics were
designed to identify potential concerns that hit certain thresholds as determined by the
IIAP Manager. The analytics were related to authorization of paying overtime (OT) hours,
pay increases of 10% or more from the prior year, pay increases of 10% or more from the
prior pay period, and terminated employees that were still receiving a paycheck. Samples
were selected from each category of analytics, and HR/Payroll staff were consulted for
explanations and supporting documentation.
C. Objective
The main objective of this project was to assess the effectiveness of analytics when
certain established criteria (determined by IIAP) are met during each payroll run. If
successful, this would allow for review of only limited samples that meet said criteria,
rather than testing entire payroll run populations in future audits.
D. Key Outcomes
Overall, the payroll analytics worked as intended and identified smaller groups of data to
research for possible exceptions to policy. IIAP verified that for the various samples
selected, sufficient documentation (hard copy and/or in MUNIS) existed to show proper
authorization for the payroll actions taken. No exceptions were noted.
E. Project Results
Analytic 1: Identify all staff with any overtime (OT) hours paid in the pay period.
OT Pay Authorization: The way non-regular pay is recorded in MUNIS can easily lead to
confusion. A standard pay period for a full-time employee is generally 80 hours (but may
differ for Fire Services personnel). The total number of hours in an actual two-week period
is 336 (24 hours X 14 days). However, the analytic routinely generated employees with
hundreds of OT hours worked on top of their regular hours – far exceeding actual time
limitations. This is due to the way MUNIS compiles hours by layering the different pay
types upon each other.
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
For instance, Police employees may have regular hours, overtime, stadium event staffing,
SWAT callout and training, detention staffing, bilingual pay, shift differentials, and several
other options. Fire employees could have some of the above, along with HazMat pay,
specialty tech pay, paramedic pay, manpower backfill, and others. Simply due to the
nature of their duties, Police and Fire tend to have the most OT hours. However, Water
Services, Transportation, and Field Operations routinely have employees with OT hours
worked as well.
Testing/Results
For the pay period ending August 22, 2025, IIAP selected 15 employees across seven
different departments who earned OT pay. The number of OT hours ranged from 108.50
to 631, due to the aforementioned system configurations/limitations. IIAP worked with
the Payroll group within Budget & Finance and the HRIS team within Human Resources
to review documentation related to authorization and approval of the various pay types
submitted for that paycheck. IIAP was able to verify the actual amount of hours physically
worked (including standby/on-call pay) and see how the additional pay types were layered
on top of actual hours that skewed the numbers reported when the analytics were run.
All reported hours in the sample were approved by the employee’s supervisor and/or
designated timekeeping person in accordance with their department’s procedures. No
exceptions were noted.
Analytic 2: Employees with a pay increase of 10+% from the prior year.
Through the city’s annual employee evaluation process, it is normal that staff can
receive an increase in pay with two components. There can be a merit increase based
on their performance (depending on their specific evaluation rating), and there could be
a citywide cost of living adjustment (COLA) for all non-sworn staff as approved by city
council. These scheduled increases go into effect at the beginning of each fiscal year
upon final approval/adoption of the city budget. Generally, the maximum of the two
components combined would result in a seven or eight percent increase for an individual
employee. The analytic threshold of 10% or more was designed to identify employees
who had a year-over-year increase that exceeds the annual evaluation process.
Testing/Results
For the pay period ending August 22, 2025, IIAP selected five employees across four
departments whose paycheck was at least 30% more than the corresponding pay period
of one year prior (August 23, 2024). IIAP worked with the Payroll group within Budget &
Finance and the HRIS team within Human Resources to determine the reason for the
increase and review any associated supporting documentation. IIAP was able to verify
that all increases were due to a number of factors, including a combination of annual
merit/COLA, a promotion to a new title with a higher pay range, a market adjustment
following an exercise completed by HR, and/or OT hours reported in the new pay period.
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
All reported hours in the sample were approved by the employee’s supervisor and/or
designated timekeeping person in accordance with their department’s procedures. All
changes in pay levels were adequately documented and approved for entry into the
system. No exceptions were noted.
Analytic 3: Terminated employees with Regular pay in a pay period.
When an employee separates from the city, their termination date stays in the system
permanently. Depending on the date of employment separation, there could be a final
paycheck due to the employee after said date for final hours worked, along with payouts
for accrued vacation and/or sick time. There normally would be no additional paychecks
issued after that one. This analytic was designed to identify employees who were issued
a paycheck for regular hours worked following their system termination date.
Testing/Results
For the pay period ending August 22, 2025, IIAP selected five employees across four
departments who had previously separated from city employment. IIAP worked with the
Payroll group within Budget & Finance and the HRIS team within Human Resources to
determine why regular hours were being reported and paid for these individuals. IIAP
was able to verify that all five employees had resigned from the city and then been rehired
at a later date. Four were rehired to new titles and/or job duties; the remaining person
was rehired into their old position after a two-year stint with another employer. All rehires
were approved by the hiring department’s director and/or the City Manager’s Office. No
exceptions were noted.
Analytic 4: Employees with a pay increase of 10+% from the prior pay period.
For salaried, exempt staff (ineligible for OT pay), it is unusual for an increase in pay to
occur outside of the first paycheck in each new fiscal year. As noted in Analytic 2
(above), there are several factors that can produce pay changes. The analytic threshold
of 10% or more was designed to identify employees who had a significant increase from
the previous pay period, excluding the first paycheck of the new fiscal year.
Testing/Results
For a range of pay periods spanning February through June of 2025, IIAP selected five
employees across four departments whose paycheck was at least 10% more than the
previous pay period. IIAP worked with the Payroll group within Budget & Finance and the
HRIS team within Human Resources to determine the reason for the increase and review
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Independent Internal Audit Program Payroll Analytics Project
any associated supporting documentation. IIAP verified that four increases were due to
a promotion and corresponding pay raise, with the fifth increase due to a staffing
reclassification exercise that was approved by city council. For the four promotions, the
employee signed a new offer letter as presented by their respective supervisor or director.
For the reclassification, no offer letter was required, with the pay increase occurring
automatically in the next pay period after council approval. All corresponding changes in
the system were made in accordance with the applicable effective dates. No exceptions
were noted.
F. Process Improvement Opportunities
With the expiration and nonrenewal of our contract with the vendor that created our payroll
analytics, we now have the opportunity to build some in-house. Preliminary discussions
with our IT group show promise, and we may be able to utilize Artificial Intelligence to
enhance depth and focus of analytics we develop. For instance, we should be able to
analyze overtime hours by department, including whether certain individuals tend to
receive more OT than others. Analytics can help us determine patterns, show possible
favoritism, and perhaps build system prompts requiring certain approval levels once OT
hours might exceed established limits.
In addition, we can build other analytics related to spend (purchasing card and/or through
accounts payable) by vendor or department to determine seasonality, promote contracted
pricing and terms, and possibly increase competition in the marketplace for needed goods
and services. The IIAP Manager will work with IT to determine the possible scope and
timing of this project if senior management wishes to proceed.
G. Project Scope & Methodology
IIAP worked with one of our vendors to create various payroll analytics. Once built and
functioning for sufficient time, samples were selected for testing of the output of each of
the analytics. As this was a pilot project to determine future feasibility and not an official
audit, this engagement was not conducted in accordance with specific audit standards.
Instead, the objective was to determine if the analytics worked and if the city would like
to proceed with additional development of future analytics that could reduce the need for
full audits while still allowing for review of selected potential concerns. For this project,
system activity was verified against source documentation (paper or electronic) showing
the appropriate level of acknowledgement and/or approval.
H. Data Reliability
The primary data utilized for the work performed in this audit was obtained directly from
the city’s HR/Financial system (MUNIS) and examination of staff personnel files.
Reliability of MUNIS data is tested/verified each year as part of the annual financial audit
by our contracted external audit firm.